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Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors are set apart from otherphoton counting technologies above all else by their extremely high speed, withfew-ten-ps timing resolution, and recovery times $\tau_R\lesssim$10 ns after adetection event. In this work, however, we identify in the conventionalelectrical readout scheme a nonlinear interaction between the detector and itsreadout which can make stable, high-efficiency operation impossible at countrates even an order-of-magnitude less than $\tau_R^{-1}$. We present detailedexperimental confirmation of this, and a theoretical model which quantitativelyexplains our observations. Finally, we describe an improved readout whichcircumvents this problem, allowing these detectors to be operated stably athigh count rates, with a detection efficiency penalty determined purely bytheir inductive reset time.

Readout of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors at high count rates