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The force between two interacting particles as a function of distance is oneof the most fundamental curves in science. In this regard, Atomic ForceMicroscopy (AFM) represents the most powerful tool in nanoscience but withsevere limits when it is to probe attractive interactions with highsensitivity. The Force Feedback Microscope (FFM) described here, removes fromAFM the well known jump to contact problem that precludes the completeexploration of the interaction curve and the study of associated energyexchanges. The FFM makes it possible to explore tip-surface interactions in theentire range of distances with a sensitivity better than 1 pN. FFM stands outas a radical change in AFM control paradigms. With a surprisingly simplearrangement it is possible to provide the AFM tip with the right counterforceto keep it fixed at any time. The counterforce is consequently equal to thetip-sample force. The force, force gradient and damping are simultaneouslymeasured independently of the tip position. This permits the measurement ofenergy transfer in thermodynamic transformations. Here we show some FFMmeasurement examples of the complete interaction force curve and in particularthat the FFM can follow the nucleation of a water bridge by measuring thecapillary attractive force at all distances, without jump to contact despitethe large attractive capillary force. Real time combination of the measuredparameters will lead to new imaging modalities with chemical contrast indifferent environments.

Measurement of the complete interaction force curve at the nanoscale