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The influence of the flexoelectric and rotostriction coupling on the phasediagrams of ferroelastic-quantum paraelectric SrTiO3 films was studied usingLandau-Ginzburg-Devonshire (LGD) theory. The phase diagrams in coordinatestemperature - film thickness were calculated for different epitaxial misfitstrains. Tensile misfit strains stimulate appearance of the spontaneousout-of-plane structural order parameter (displacement vector of an appropriateoxygen atom from its cubic position) in the structural phase. Compressivemisfit strains stimulate appearance of the spontaneous in-plane structuralorder parameter. Gradients of the structural order parameter components, whichinevitably exist in the vicinity of film surfaces due to the termination andsymmetry breaking, induce improper polarization and pyroelectric response viathe flexoelectric and rotostriction coupling mechanism. Flexoelectric androtostriction coupling results in the roto-flexoelectric field that isantisymmetric inside the film, small in the central part of the film, where thegradients of the structural parameter are small, and maximal near the surfaces,where the gradients of the structural parameter are highest. The field inducesimproper polarization and pyroelectric response. Penetration depths of theimproper phases (both polar and structural) can reach several nm from the filmsurfaces. An improper pyroelectric response of thin films is high enough to beregistered with planar-type electrode configurations by conventionalpyroelectric methods.

Roto-flexoelectric coupling impact on the phase diagrams and pyroelectricity of thin SrTiO3 films