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A multi-chord fiber-coupled interferometer [Merritt et al., Rev. Sci.Instrum. 83, 033506 (2012)] is being used to make time-resolved densitymeasurements of supersonic argon plasma jets on the Plasma Liner Experiment[Hsu et al., Bull. Amer. Phys. Soc. 56, 307 (2011)]. The long coherence lengthof the laser (>10 m) allows signal and reference path lengths to be mismatchedby many meters without signal degradation, making for a greatly simplifiedoptical layout. Measured interferometry phase shifts are consistent with apartially ionized plasma in which an initially positive phase shift becomesnegative when the ionization fraction drops below a certain threshold. In thiscase, both free electrons and bound electrons in ions and neutral atomscontribute to the index of refraction. This paper illustrates how theinterferometry data, aided by numerical modeling, are used to derive total jetdensity, jet propagation velocity (~15-50 km/s), jet length (~20-100 cm), and3D expansion.

Multi-chord fiber-coupled interferometry of supersonic plasma jets and comparisons with synthetic data