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We report on a technique for determining electronic transport propertiesusing commercially available audio cards. Using a typical 24-bit audio cardsimultaneously as a sine wave generator and a narrow bandwidth ac voltmeter, weshow the spectral purity of the analog-to-digital and digital-to-analogconversion stages, including an effective number of bits greater than 16 anddynamic range better than 110 dB. We present two circuits for transport studiesusing audio cards: a basic circuit using the analog input to sense the voltagegenerated across a device due to the signal generated simultaneously by theanalog output; and a digitally-compensated bridge to compensate for nonlinearbehavior of low impedance devices. The basic circuit also functions as a highperformance digital lock-in amplifier. We demonstrate the application of anaudio card for studying the transport properties of spin-valve nanopillars, atwo-terminal device that exhibits Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) and whosenominal impedance can be switched between two levels by applied magnetic fieldsand by currents applied by the audio card.

Audio Cards for High-Resolution and Economical Electronic Transport Studies