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We propose a hydrodynamic model describing steady-state and dynamic electronand hole transport properties of graphene structures which accounts for thefeatures of the electron and hole spectra. It is intended for electron-holeplasma in graphene characterized by high rate of intercarrier scatteringcompared to external scattering (on phonons and impurities), i.e., forintrinsic or optically pumped (bipolar plasma), and gated graphene (virtuallymonopolar plasma). We demonstrate that the effect of strong interaction ofelectrons and holes on their transport can be treated as a viscous frictionbetween the electron and hole components. We apply the developed model for thecalculations of the graphene dc conductivity, in particular, the effect ofmutual drag of electrons and holes is described. The spectra and damping ofcollective excitations in graphene in the bipolar and monopolar limits arefound. It is shown that at high gate voltages and, hence, at high electron andlow hole densities (or vice-versa), the excitations are associated with theself-consistent electric field and the hydrodynamic pressure (plasma waves). Inintrinsic and optically pumped graphene, the waves constitute quasineutralperturbations of the electron and hole densities (electron-hole sound waves)with the velocity being dependent only on the fundamental graphene constants.

Hydrodynamic model for electron-hole plasma in graphene