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We have measured the number of quasiparticles and their lifetime in aluminiumsuperconducting microwave resonators. The number of excess quasiparticles below160 mK decreases from 72 to 17 $\mu$m$^{-3}$ with a 6 dB decrease of themicrowave power. The quasiparticle lifetime increases accordingly from 1.4 to3.5 ms. These properties of the superconductor were measured through thespectrum of correlated fluctuations in the quasiparticle system and condensateof the superconductor, which show up in the resonator amplitude and phaserespectively. Because uncorrelated noise sources vanish, fluctuations in thesuperconductor can be studied with a sensitivity close to the vacuum noise.

Microwave-induced excess quasiparticles in superconducting resonators measured through correlated conductivity fluctuations