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Large scale wavelike patterns are observed on an aluminum surface after it is ablated by a series of KrF laser pulses (248 nm, 40 ns, 5 J/cm25J/cm2). These surface structures have a wavelength on the order of 30 μm, much longer than the laser wavelength. We postulate that these wave patterns are caused by the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability at the interface between the molten aluminum and the plasma plume. A parametric study is given in terms of the molten layer’s thickness and of the spatial extent and kinetic energy density in the laser-produced plasma plume. Also included is an estimate of the cumulative growth in a multipulse laser ablation experiment. These estimates indicate that the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability is a viable mechanism for the formation of the large scale structures. © 1998 American Institute of Physics

Surface instability of multipulse laser ablation on a metallic target