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When a fluid with a bulk liquid-vapor critical point is placed inside astatic external field with spatial periodic oscillations in one direction, thebulk critical point splits into two new critical points and a triple point.This phenomenon is called laser-induced condensation [Mol. Phys. Vol. 101, Pg.1651 (2003)], and it occurs when the wavelength of the field is sufficientlylarge. The critical points mark the end of two coexistence regions, namelybetween (1) a vapor and stacked-fluid phase, and (2) a stacked-fluid and liquidphase. The stacked-fluid or "zebra" phase is characterized by large densityoscillations along the field direction. We study the above phenomenon for amixture of colloids and polymers using density functional theory and computersimulation. The theory predicts that the vapor-zebra and liquid-zebra surfacetensions are extremely small. Most strikingly, however, is the theoreticalfinding that at their respective critical points, both tensions vanish, but notaccording to any critical power law. The solution to this apparent paradox isprovided by the simulations. These show that the field divides the system intoeffectively two-dimensional slabs, stacked on top of each other along the fielddirection. Inside each slab, the system behaves as if it were two-dimensional,while in the field direction the system resembles a one-dimensional Isingchain.

Fluid phase separation inside a static periodic field: an effectively two-dimensional critical phenomenon