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We report the structure and chemistry of the self-assembled oxide nanopillars that form in superconducting Co-doped BaFe2As2 thin film grown by pulsed laser deposition. The oxide nanopillars consist of a BaFeO2 phase, form epitaxially on the SrTiO3 template, and grow coherently with the BaFe2As2 film. The nanopillars are square with a uniform size of 4–5 nm, which is close to twice the superconducting coherence length. Despite a volume content of ∼5%, the nanopillars do not degrade the structural quality of the BaFe2As2 matrix. Indeed the nanopillars provide exceptionally strong vortex pinning and high critical current density due to the very close correlation of pillar and vortex core diameters.

Self-assembled oxide nanopillars in epitaxial BaFe2As2 thin films for vortex pinning