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Many technologies based on cells containing alkali-metal atomic vapor benefitfrom the use of anti-relaxation surface coatings in order to preserve atomicspin polarization. In particular, paraffin has been used for this purpose forseveral decades and has been demonstrated to allow an atom to experience up to10,000 collisions with the walls of its container without depolarizing, but thedetails of its operation remain poorly understood. We apply modern surface andbulk techniques to the study of paraffin coatings, in order to characterize theproperties that enable the effective preservation of alkali spin polarization.These methods include Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differentialscanning calorimetry, atomic force microscopy, near-edge X-ray absorption finestructure spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. We also comparethe light-induced atomic desorption yields of several different paraffinmaterials. Experimental results include the determination that crystallinity ofthe coating material is unnecessary, and the detection of C=C double bondspresent within a particular class of effective paraffin coatings. Further studyshould lead to the development of more robust paraffin anti-relaxationcoatings, as well as the design and synthesis of new classes of coatingmaterials.

Investigation of Anti-Relaxation Coatings for Alkali-Metal Vapor Cells Using Surface Science Techniques