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The bare work functions of etched and unetched plasma‐sprayed tungsten were found to be 4.8 and 4.5 eV, respectively. The electron emission of plasma‐sprayed tungsten, both etched and unetched, was measured over a wide range of temperatures in a cesium atmosphere. Work functions were derived from the saturation current densities. In the ignited mode, current‐voltage (I‐V) characteristics were measured. The influence of the emitter, collector, and cesium reservoir temperatures on the I‐V characteristics was investigated. Barrier indexes of 2.06 and 2.30 eV were found for etched and unetched tungsten emitters, respectively. At an emitter temperature of 1400 °C, in the case of an unetched tungsten emitter a power density of 1.5 W/cm2 was found, while for an etched tungsten emitter it was 4.5 W/cm2. This increased power density could be attributed to a lower collector work function. The lower cesiated collector work function resulted from the evaporation of oxygen, as WO3, from the etched tungsten emitter.

A thermionic energy converter with an electrolytically etched tungsten emitter