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We demonstrate an efficient photon number detector for visible wavelengthsusing a silicon avalanche photodiode. Under subnanosecond gating, the device isable to resolve up to four photons in an incident optical pulse. The detectionefficiency at 600 nm is measured to be 73.8%, corresponding to an avalancheprobability of 91.1% of the absorbed photons, with a dark count probabilitybelow 1.1x10^{-6} per gate. With this performance and operation close to roomtemperature, fast-gated silicon avalanche photodiodes are ideal for opticalquantum information processing that requires single-shot photon numberdetection.

Efficient photon number detection with silicon avalanche photodiodes