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Yttrium substituted BaZrO3, with nominal composition BaZr0.9Y0.1O3, a ceramicproton conductor, was subject to impedance spectroscopy for temperatures 300 K< T < 715 K at mechanical pressures 1 GPa < p < 2 GPa. The activation energiesEa of bulk and grain boundary conductivity from two perovskites synthesized bysolid-state reaction and sol-gel method were determined under high pressures.At high temperature, the bulk activation energy increases with pressure by 5%for sol-gel derived sample and by 40% for solid-state derived sample. For thesample prepared by solid-state reaction, there is a large gap of 0.17 eVbetween the activation energy at 1.0 GPa and > 1.2 GPa. The grain boundaryactivation energy is around a factor two times as that of the bulk, and itreaches a maximum at 1.25 - 1.5 GPa, and then decrease as the pressureincreases, indicating higher proton mobility in the grain boundaries at higherpressure. Since this effect is not reversible, it is suggested that the grainboundary resistance decreases as a result of pressure induced sintering. Thesteady increase of the bulk resistivity upon pressurizing suggests that theproton mobility depends on the space available in the lattice. In return, anexpanded lattice with a/a0 > 1 should thus have a lower activation energy,suggesting that thin films expansive tensile strain could have a larger protonconductivity with desirable properties for applications.

Protons in lattice confinement: Static pressure on the Y-substituted, hydrated BaZrO3 ceramic proton conductor decreases proton mobility