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The first Indian lunar mission Chandrayaan-1 was launched on 22 October 2008.The Sub-keV Atom Reflecting Analyzer (SARA) instrument onboard Chandrayaan-1consists of an energetic neutral atom (ENA) imaging mass analyzer called CENA(Chandrayaan-1 Energetic Neutrals Analyzer), and an ion-mass analyzer calledSWIM (Solar wind Monitor). CENA performed the first ever experiment to studythe solar wind-planetary surface interaction via detection of sputtered neutralatoms and neutralized backscattered solar wind protons in the energy range~0.01-3.0 keV. SWIM measures solar wind ions, magnetosheath and magnetotailions, as well as ions scattered from lunar surface in the ~0.01-15 keV energyrange. The neutral atom sensor uses conversion of the incoming neutrals topositive ions, which are then analyzed via surface interaction technique. Theion mass analyzer is based on similar principle. This paper presents the SARAinstrument and the first results obtained by the SWIM and CENA sensors. SARAobservations suggest that about 20% of the incident solar wind protons arebackscattered as neutral hydrogen and ~1% as protons from the lunar surface.These findings have important implications for other airless bodies in thesolar system.

Studying the Lunar-Solar Wind Interaction with the SARA Experiment aboard the Indian Lunar Mission Chandrayaan-1