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A two-dimensional electromagnetic particle-in-cell simulation with therealistic ion-to-electron mass ratio of 1836 is carried out to investigate theelectrostatic collisionless shocks in relatively high-speed (~3000 km s^-1)plasma flows and also the influence of both electrostatic and electromagneticinstabilities, which can develop around the shocks, on the shock dynamics. Itis shown that the electrostatic ion-ion instability can develop in front of theshocks, where the plasma is under counter-streaming condition, with highlyoblique wave vectors as was shown previously. The electrostatic potentialgenerated by the electrostatic ion-ion instability propagating obliquely to theshock surface becomes comparable with the shock potential and finally the shockstructure is destroyed. It is also shown that in front of the shock thebeam-Weibel instability gradually grows as well, consequently suggesting thatthe magnetic field generated by the beam-Weibel instability becomes importantin long-term evolution of the shock and the Weibel-mediated shock forms longafter the electrostatic shock vanished. It is also observed that the secondaryelectrostatic shock forms in the reflected ions in front of the primaryelectrostatic shock.

Electrostatic and electromagnetic instabilities associated with electrostatic shocks: two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation