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Shock-wave profiles of sapphire (single-crystal Al2O3) with sevencrystallographic orientations were measured with time-resolved VISARinterferometry at shock stresses in the range 16 to 86 GPa. Shock propagationwas normal to the surface of each cut. The angle between the c-axis of thehexagonal crystal structure and the direction of shock propagation varied from0 for c-cut up to 90 degrees for m-cut in the basal plane. Based on publishedshock-induced transparencies, shock-induced optical transparency correlateswith the smoothness of the shock-wave profile. The ultimate goal was to findthe direction of shock propagation in sapphire that is most transparent as awindow. Particle velocity histories were recorded at the interface between asapphire crystal and a LiF window. In most cases measured wave profiles arenoisy as a result of heterogeneity of deformation. Measured values of HugoniotElastic Limits (HELs) depend on direction of shock compression and peak shockstress. The largest HEL values were recorded for shock loading along the c-axisand perpendicular to c along the m-direction. Shock compression along the m-and s-directions is accompanied by the smallest heterogeneity of deformationand the smallest rise time of the plastic shock wave. m- and s-cut sapphiremost closely approach ideal elastic-plastic flow, which suggests that m- ands-cut sapphire are probably the orientations that remains most transparent tohighest shock pressures. Under purely elastic deformation sapphire has veryhigh spall strength, which depends on load duration and peak stress. Plasticdeformation of sapphire causes loss of its tensile strength.

Response of Seven Crystallographic Orientations of Sapphire Crystals to Shock Stresses of 16 to 86 GPa