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We examine the coupling of electromagnetic waves incident normal to a thinsilver film that forms an oscillatory grating embedded between two otherwiseuniform, semi-infinite half spaces. Two grating structures are considered, inone of which the mid point of the Ag film remains fixed whereas the thicknessvaries sinusoidally, while in the other the mid point oscillates sinusoidallywhereas the film thicknesses remains fixed. On reducing the light wavelengthfrom the long wavelength limit, we encounter signatures in the transmission, T,and reflection, R, coefficients associated with: i) the short-range surfaceplasmon mode, ii) the long-range surface plasmon mode, and iii) electromagneticdiffraction tangent to the grating. The first two features can be regarded asgeneralized (plasmon) Wood's anomalies whereas the third is the first-orderconventional (electromagnetic) Wood's anomaly. The energy density at the filmsurface is enhanced for wavelengths corresponding to these three anomalies,particularly for the long range plasmon mode in thin films. When exciting thesilver film with a pair of waves incident from opposite directions, we findthat by adjusting the grating oscillation amplitude and fixing the relativephase of the incoming waves to be even or odd, T+R can be made to vanish forone or the other of the plasmon modes; this corresponds to perfect coupling(impedance matching in the language of electrical engineering) between theincoming light and these modes.

Perfect coupling of light to surface plasmons with ultra-narrow linewidths