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The mean kinetic energy of protons in water is determined by Deep InelasticNeutron Scattering experiments, performed above and below the temperature ofmaximum density and in the supercooled phase. The temperature dependence ofthis energy shows an anomalous behavior, as it occurs for many waterproperties. In particular two regions of maximum kinetic energy are identified:the first one, in the supercooled phase in the range 269 K - 272 K, and asecond one above 273 K. In both these regions the measured proton kineticenergy exceedes the theoretical prediction based on a semi-classical model.Noteworthy, the proton mean kinetic energy has a maximum at 277 K, thetemperature of the maximum density of water. In the supercooled metastablephase the measured mean kinetic energy and the proton momentum distributionclearly indicate proton delocalization between two H-bonded oxygens.

A new water anomaly: the temperature dependence of the proton mean kinetic energy