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Epitaxial thin films of hexagonal ErMnO3 fabricated on Pt(111)/Al2O3(0001)and YSZ(111) substrates exhibited both ferroelectric character and magneticordering at low temperatures. As the temperature was reduced, the ErMnO3 filmsfirst showed antiferromagnetism. At lower temperatures, the films deposited atlower oxygen partial pressures exhibited spin glass behavior. This re-entrantspin glass behavior was attributed to competition between an antiferromagneticinteraction in the hexagonal geometry and a ferromagnetic interaction caused bya change in Mn valence induced by excess electrons from the oxygen vacancies.

Oxygen vacancy induced re-entrant spin glass behavior in multiferroic ErMnO3 thin films