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By first-principles time-dependent density-functional calculations, we show the relevance of relativistic effects to shape the photoabsorption cross section of small goldclusters (Aun,n <=8, andn = 20 ) and small nanowires(n<=7). The relativistic effects not only dictate the stabilization of planar geometries (as it has already been shown by treating the core electrons relativistically): The spin-orbit coupling also has a strong impact in the absorption spectra (resonances and oscillator strengths). This is especially true for nanowires, where the effect of spin orbit is large and not substantially reduced with the chain length, in contrast to more compact goldclusters where this spin-orbit effect tends to be quenched. These results have far reaching consequences in fields such as electronic transport, where goldnanowires are often used, but where spin-orbit effects are generally disregarded.This work was supported in part by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft  (through SFB 658) , Spanish MEC ( FIS2007-65702-C02-01) , Grupos Consolidados UPV/EHU of the Basque Country Government ( IT-319-07)  European\udCommunity e-I3 ETSF project, NANOQUANTA Network of Excellence, CONACyT Mexico  Project No. J-59853-F , and the portuguese FCT ( Contract No. SFRH/BD/12712/2003 ).Peer reviewe

The role of dimensionality on the quenching of spin-orbit effects in the optics of gold nanostructures