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The liquid crystal alignment imposed during the fabrication process of one-dimensional transmission gratings, holographically formed in a polymer dispersed liquid crystal, is determined by linear optical birefringence as well as rotational second harmonic generation. For a mixture consisting of nematic liquid crystal E7, a pentafunctional acrylate monomer, and a photoinitiator, the director orientation inside the liquid-crystal-rich layer is found to be approximately along the grating direction. We suggest that this molecular orientation is the consequence of the strong flow during the grating formation.

Determination of liquid crystal orientation in holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystals by linear and nonlinear optics