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Conservation of canonical angular momentum shows that charged particles aretypically constrained to stay within a poloidal Larmor radius of a poloidalmagnetic flux surface. However, more detailed consideration shows thatparticles with a critical charge to mass ratio can have zero canonical angularmomentum and so be both immune from centrifugal force and not constrained tostay in the vicinity of a specific flux surface. Suitably charged dust grainscan have zero canonical angular momentum and in the presence of a gravitationalfield will spiral inwards across poloidal magnetic surfaces toward the centralobject and accumulate. This accumulation results in a gravitationally-drivendynamo, i.e., a mechanism for converting gravitational potential energy into abattery-like electric power source.

Consideration of the relationship between Kepler and cyclotron dynamics leading to prediction of a non-MHD gravity-driven Hamiltonian dynamo