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Ion-irradiation-induced microstructural modifications, atomic migration, and nanoparticle formation in nanoscale periodic Pt/C multilayer systems containing about 15 at. % Fe have been analyzed by x-ray reflectivity, x-ray standing wave (XSW), transmission electron microscopy, and grazing incidence x-ray diffraction (GIXRD) studies. The multilayer stack with 15 Pt(Fe)/C(Fe) layer pairs (period 4.2 nm) was irradiated with a 2 MeV Au2+ ion beam, which was rastered on the sample to obtain uniformly irradiated strips with fluences (ϕ) from 1×1014 to 1×1015 ions/cm2. Up to a certain threshold ion fluence (ϕt) we have observed mixing between Pt and C atoms. At higher fluences (ϕ>ϕt) demixing effect is pronounced. This phenomenon has been explained in terms of two competitive processes including ballistic and chemically guided atomic movements. As revealed by XSW measurements, ion irradiation causes preferential migration of Fe toward Pt layers from C layers. Consequently Fe concentration in the Pt layers increa...

Microstructural evolution, atomic migration, and FePt nanoparticle formation in ion-irradiated Pt(Fe)/C(Fe) multilayers