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Linear stability analyses for two-dimensional natural convection in horizontal air-filled annuli are performed for three-dimensional perturbations and radius ratios in the range 1.2⩽R⩽3. Flow transitions from moderate to large-gap annuli, which have not been reported before, are thoroughly investigated. As a result, stability diagrams are obtained for finite and for infinite length annuli. The leading disturbances and threshold values are found to agree well with experimental data and three-dimensional numerical solutions. Three-dimensional simulations were also carried out to examine the influence on the flow stability of no-slip boundary conditions at the end-walls.

Stability analysis of natural convective flows in horizontal annuli: Effects of the axial and radial aspect ratios