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The effect of pulse duration upon the line profile of Cu I emission observed by laser ablation of a copper metal plate immersed in water has been examined. By irradiating a pulse with the duration longer than 40 ns the spectral profile with clear narrow emission lines of Cu atoms is obtained, while the emission spectra always suffer from broadening and self-absorption by the irradiation of the 20 ns pulse for the ablation. The results show that the use of a long-duration pulse enables in situ elemental analysis of the solid surface in contact with a bulk liquid.

Use of a long-duration ns pulse for efficient emission of spectral lines from the laser ablation plume in water