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[...] We turn then to the theoretical developments in the short GRBs: wefirst report some progress in the understanding the dynamical phase ofcollapse, the mass-energy formula and the extraction of blackholic energy whichhave been motivated by the analysis of the short GRBs. In this context progresshas also been accomplished on establishing an absolute lower limit to theirreducible mass of the black hole as well as on some critical considerationsabout the relations of general relativity and the second law of thermodynamics.We recall how this last issue has been one of the most debated in theoreticalphysics in the past thirty years due to the work of Bekenstein and Hawking.Following these conceptual progresses we analyze the vacuum polarizationprocess around an overcritical collapsing shell. We evidence the existence of aseparatrix and a dyadosphere trapping surface in the dynamics of theelectron-positron plasma generated during the process of gravitationalcollapse. We then analyze, using recent progress in the solution of theVlasov-Boltzmann-Maxwell system, the oscillation regime in the createdelectron-positron plasma and their rapid convergence to a thermalized spectrum.We conclude by making precise predictions for the spectra, the energy fluxesand characteristic time-scales of the radiation for short-bursts. If theprecise luminosity variation and spectral hardening of the radiation we havepredicted will be confirmed by observations of short-bursts, these systems willplay a major role as standard candles in cosmology. These considerations willalso be relevant for the analysis of the long-bursts when the baryonic mattercontribution will be taken into account.

aip conference proceedings

The Blackholic energy: long and short Gamma-Ray Bursts (New perspectives in physics and astrophysics from the theoretical understanding of Gamma-Ray Bursts, II)