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These studies concern the synthesis of heterogeneous catalysts and the incorporation of heavy metals in trapping media. The Ni(II) containing clays were synthesized at 200{degree}C whereas those containing Er(III) were ion-exchanged natural clays. For the first system, ASAXS data were measured at 5 different energies near the K{alpha} edge of Ni at three different reaction times: unreacted, 4 hrs, and 15 hrs, when the crystallization is essentially complete. The data for the unreacted sample showed no correlations for a lamellar particle, while that reacted for 4 hrs indicated the evolution of lamella, and the crystallized sample (15 hrs) exhibits much larger lamellar correlations. Systematic variations are seen in the data for the 4 hr and 15 hr samples that are due to the anomalous scattering from the ordered Ni atoms in the layered silicates. The erbium study provides the first scattering measurements of heavy metal ion salvation and migration in clays, which has implications for both catalysis and environmental issues. Systematic energy-dependent variations in the signals near the L{sub III} edge of Er are observed for the hydrated sample, but not for the ``dry,`` as-prepared sample.

Anomalous small angle x-ray scattering study of layered silicate clays containing Ni(II) and Er(III)