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Gravity currents descending a slope in a linearly stratified environment canbe frequently encountered in nature. However, few studies have quantitativelyinvestigated the evolution process of lock-exchange gravity currents in suchenvironments. A new set of analytical formulae is proposed by integrating bothmass conservation and linear momentum equations to determine the front velocityand the front location of a downslope current. Based on the thermal theory, theformula considers the influence of ambient stratification by introducing anewly defined stratification coefficient in the acceleration stage. As for thedeceleration stage, the formula is derived by adding a parameter that takesinto account the density distribution of the ambient water. The transitionpoint between the acceleration and deceleration stages and the maximum frontvelocity are also determined by the proposed formulae. Lock-exchange gravitycurrent experiments are conducted in the flume with linear stratifications toprovide data for the validation of the formulae. The comparisons between thecalculated and measured data in terms of front location and front velocity showsatisfactory agreements, which reveal that front velocity presents a rapidacceleration stage and then a deceleration stage in a linearly stratifiedambient.

Front Velocity and Front Location of Lock-exchange Gravity Currents Descending a Slope in a Linearly Stratified Environment