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The paper offers an extensive theoretical discussion of and a contribution to the highly relevant, controversial, and normatively charged debate on the legitimacy of interest groups as non-elected, self-appointed representatives. The contribution of this paper is twofold. First, the paper juxtaposes two diverging approaches on legitimacy of interest groups, namely responsiveness as a means to achieve a congruence of interests and reflexivity as the structural facilitation of evaluative judgements conducted by the constituency. Second, the paper proposes a framework on institutional instruments generating reflexivity suitable for empirical research. To corroborate this concept-specification of reflexivity, this paper debates several empirical studies on and theoretical approaches to institutional mobilisation mechanisms enabling a structural facilitation of contestation. Eventually, three distinct attributes of the concept of interest group reflexivity are established. An interest group’s  forums for exchange and education , its  decision-making system  and its  grassroots involvement  ought to ensure internal structural reflexivity towards its constituency. When combined, they can mitigate the potential for undemocratic representation due to a lack of or skewed mobilisation and empowerment.

Approaching the legitimacy of self-appointed representatives: from responsiveness to reflexivity