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In the course of our ongoing search for new natural products as leads against protozoal diseases, the dichloromethane extract of Indian frankincense, the oleo-gum-resin obtained from  Boswellia serrata , showed  in vitro  activity against  Plasmodium falciparum . Bioactivity-guided fractionation led to the isolation of eight diterpenes: (1 S ,3 E ,7 E ,11 R )-verticilla-3,7,12(18)-triene ( 1 ), cembrene A ( 2 ), serratol ( 3 ), 1 S ,3 E ,7 R ,8 R, 11 E -7,8-epoxy-cembra-3,11-dien-1-ol ( 4 ), incensole oxide ( 5 ),  rel  (1 S ,3 R ,7 E ,11 S ,12 R ) - 1,12-epoxy-4-methylenecembr-7-ene-3, 11-diol ( 6 ), isoincensole oxide ( 7 ), and isodecaryiol ( 8 ). Furthermore, 10 triterpenes, namely, oleanolic acid ( 9 ), 11-keto- β -boswellic acid ( 10 ), 3-epi-neoilexonol ( 11 ), uvaol ( 12 ),  β -boswellic aldehyde ( 13 ), 5 α -tirucalla-8,24-dien-3 α -ol ( 14 ), isoflindissone lactone ( 15 ), isoflindissol lactone ( 16 ),  rel  (8 R, 9 S ,20 R )-tirucall-24-ene-3 β ,20-diol ( 17 ), and  rel  (3 α,8R, 9S,20R,24S)- 20,24-epoxytirucalla-3,25-diol ( 18 ) as well as the sesquiterpene  β -bourbonene ( 19 ), the monoterpene carvacrol ( 20 ) and the phenyl propanoids methyleugenol ( 21 ), and p-methoxycinnamaldehyde ( 22 ) were isolated. All compounds were identified by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic measurements. Compounds  6, 11 , and  16 – 18  are described for the first time. Compounds  13 – 15  are isolated as natural products for the first time, compound  8  for the first time from a plant. Antiplasmodial IC 50  values and cytotoxicity against L6 rat skeletal myoblasts were determined. Isoflindissone lactone ( 15 ) was the most active compound with an IC 50  of 2.2 µM against  P. falciparum  and a selectivity index of 18.

Erratum: Terpenoids from the Oleo-Gum-Resin of Boswellia serrata and Their Antiplasmodial Effects In Vitro