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The variability of normal ranges in different laboratories and the occurrence of occasional elevated values of β-TG and PF-4 in normal subjects are well established.We examined the influence of factors such as age, sex, smoking, exercise, oral contraceptives and day-to-day variation in 148 healthy subjects. The β-TG and PF-4 assays were performed by commercial RIA’s modified by utilizing an EDTA- PGE1 -theophylline mixture as anticoagulant.  The statistical method used to compare our groups was a student t-test after log transformation of the data. Our baseline control group (N=63) were non smokers and not taking oral contraceptives (O/C) or any medications. There was no difference between sexes or a significant change with increasing age, although the mean β-TG and PF-4 does increase in cohosts of 20 years. [ 50 years (27.88±14.3)-β-TG data].  Women on O/C were significantly different from those not on O/C for β-TG [35.06±22.45 (O/C) and 23.67±9.38 (N)] but not for PF-4 values [3.79±1.77 (O/C) and 3.91±1.63 (N)].  Strenuous exercise was the parameter that influenced both β-TG and PF-4 significantly, showing an elevated value after exercise for both β-TG [81.9±31.4 v 26.73±10.91] and PF-4 [7.08±1.71 v 3.73±1.91].  Day-to-day variations in β-TG and PF-4 were examined in 10 subjects for 7-10 days. The coefficient of variation (CV) amongst these subjects was 21-51%. In athletes day-today variation was the same unless a change in pattern of exercise occurred [CV-49-132%].  Our results confirm that parameters such as above do influence normal values and should be taken into consideration in establishing a normal range.  It also indicates the β-TG is a more sensitive parameter for delineating differences in physiological parameters in normal subjects than PF-4, and this may be applicable to clinical studies.

thrombosis and haemostasis

The Influence Of Physiological Parameters On The Plasma Concentration Of β-Thromboglobulin (β-TG) And Platelet Factor 4 (PF-4) In Normal Healthy Subjects