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Neem tree (Azadirachta indica) is one of the richest sources ofsecondary metabolites. More than 250 natural products have beencharacterized from various parts of the neem tree. These includediterpenoids, triterpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, coumarins, hydrocarbons,and fatty acids. Many of these products possess therapeutic properties. Neemexudate or toddy is a milky white liquid with a strong smell secreted fromthe angle between the 2 main branches of old trees. Profiling of neem toddyfor the presence of active metabolites was done by an in-house databaseusing UHPLC-QTOF-MS. Fifty-seven metabolites were identified from the fullscan of electrospray ionization positive and negative mode from the neemtoddy extract by using UHPLC-QTOF-MS. Further confirmation of 31 of thesemetabolites was done by obtaining MS/MS spectrum from UHPLC-QTOF-MS.Principal component analysis study of metabolites from neem toddy withleaves, seed, seed coat, and bark revealed that they are closely related tothose contained in neem seeds and seed coats. Azadirachtin, nimbidiol,22,23-dihydroazadirachtin, nimbonone, nimbonolone, nimosone, and6-deacetylnimbinene were found to be some of the most abundant metabolitesin neem toddy. The neem toddy extract showed significant anti-inflammatoryactivity when tested in N9 murine microglial cells with 25 ng of recombinantmouse tumor necrosis factor alpha protein (active) using qRT-PCR. The activemetabolites in neem toddy could be further explored for their therapeuticpotentials.

Triterpene Profiling of Neem Exudate (Toddy) Using UHPLC-QTOF-MS and its Anti-inflammatory Activity