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Sleeve gastrectomy is a simple bariatric procedure that can sometimes be associated with serious complications. Among these, gastrobronchial or esophagobronchial fistula is rare (its incidence is 0.2%) but is challenging to treat, frequently leading to left lower lobectomy [1]. To the best of our knowledge, successful endoscopic management of such a fistula following bariatric surgery has never been reported. We present the case of a 28-year-old patient who underwent a sleeve gastrectomy complicated 2 days later by a gastrobronchial fistula with subphrenic and pulmonary abscess (▶Fig. 1). Drainage by pigtail drain and closure with an endoscopic over-the-scope clip (OTSC) failed and an esophagojejunal Roux-en-Y anastomosis was performed. One month later, CT scan showed reopening of the fistula between the esophagojejunal anastomosis and the pulmonary abscess (▶Fig. 2). After 3 months of drainage by pigtail catheter, with persistent fistula (▶Fig. 3) and cough, the patient was referred to our unit for endoscopic treatment. We attempted endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) around and into the fistula tract followed by closure with an OTSC [2, 3] (▶Video 1). Removal of the mucosal scar tissue by ESD favored new healing of the fistula orifice and the OTSC system allowed the edges to be closed. Oral intake was allowed on day 1. At 3 months later the patient was still asymptomatic, with complete resolution of the fistula and spontaneous migration of the OTSC shown on CT scan (▶Fig. 4). Endoscopic procedures are a popular choice in the management of sleeve gastrectomy complications because they are minimally invasive and have a good success rate (between 50% and 83% [4]). However, esophagobronchial or gastrobronchial fistulas can be challenging to treat. ESD followed by OTSC could be an option to obtain clinical resolution of these rare but severe fistulas following bariatric surgery.

Esophagobronchial fistula after sleeve gastrectomy successfully treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection and over-the-scope clip