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A 77-year-old man was referred to our hospital for further evaluation of a symptomatic pancreatic mass. Almost a year before, he had experienced low back pain with irradiation to the left flank. Ultrasonography showed a hypoechoic mass at the pancreatic tail. He had no relevant past history, such as abdominal trauma, pancreatitis or other congenital abnormalities. His physical examination and laboratory test results were normal. Computed tomography (CT) revealed the presence of a nodular neoformation in the pancreatic tail, which was hyperintense in the arterial phase (▶Fig. 1). A neuroendocrine tumor was suspected and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) was performed. A 25-mm vascular lesion in the pancreatic tail was detected, close to the splenic artery, from which it appeared to receive vascularization, with arterial flow seen on the color and power Doppler study (▶Fig. 2, ▶Video1). On infusion of contrast agent (SonoVue 4.8mL; Bracco Imaging, Milan, Italy) rapid capture and slow release was shown (▶Fig. 2, ▶Video1). Selective angiography of the celiac tripod confirmed the presence of an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in the pancreatic tail, supplied by pancreatic branches of the splenic artery (▶Fig. 3, ▶Video1). Given the symptomatology and the size of the lesion, left pancreatectomy and splenectomy was performed. Histological examination on the surgical sample confirmed the vascular origin of the lesion. Pancreatic AVM is a very rare condition. It may be congenital or acquired in a neoplastic, traumatic or inflammatory context [1]. Most cases of pancreatic AVMs are symptomatic, most frequently presenting with abdominal pain and upper gastrointestinal bleeding, and only rarely with acute pancreatitis [2]. Diagnosis is usually made by ultrasonogE-Videos

A tricky case of pancreatic arteriovenous malformation: the role of endoscopic ultrasound in the diagnosis of this rare condition