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The data envelopment analysis (DEA) technique is well known for computing the Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index (MLPI) in measuring productivity change in the decision-making units (DMUs) over two consecutive periods. In this research, we detect infeasibility of the directional distance function (DDF) based DEA model of MLPI under the variable returns to scale technology when data takes on negative values. We address this problem by developing a novel DDF-based DEA model that computes an improved MLPI. We extend the DDF approach to the dynamic network structure and introduce the dynamic MLPI for analyzing the performance of DMUs over time. We also develop the dynamic sequential MLPI to detect shifts in the efficient frontiers due to random shocks or technological advancements over time. The dynamic network structure in the two indexes comprises multiple divisions in DMUs connected vertically by intermediate productivity links and horizontally over time by carryovers. The proposed models are feasible and bounded with undesirable features and negative and non-negative data values. Real data of 39 Indian commercial public and private banks from 2008 to 2019 used to illustrate the two indexes.

Malmquist-Luenberger productivity indexes for dynamic network DEA with undesirable outputs and negative data