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In the era of mass customization, designing optimal products is one of the most critical decision-making for a company to stay competitive. More and more customers like customized products, which will bring challenges to the product line design and the production. If a company adopts customers’ favorite levels, this may lead to lower product reliability, or incompatibility among the components that make up the product. Moreover, it is worth outsourcing certain attribute levels to reduce production cost, but customers may dislike these levels because of their delivery delay. If managers consider the compatibility issue, the quality issue, outsource determination, and the delivery due date in the product design and production stages, they will avoid unreasonable product configuration and many unnecessary expenses, thereby bringing benefits to the company. To solve this complicated problem, we establish a nonlinear program that maximizes Per-capita-contribution Margin considering Reliability Penalty. Since the integrated product line design and production problem is NP-hard, we propose an improved Discrete Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (DICA). The proposed DICA is compared with genetic algorithm (GA) and simulated annealing (SA) through extensive numerical experiment, and the results show that DICA displays 6%~17% and 5%~14% improvement over GA and SA in terms of solution quality, respectively.

Optimization of product line considering compatibility and reliability via discrete imperialist competitive algorithm