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radionuclides being associated in the soils to fractions unavailable for the plant. For the possible use of phytoextraction for remediation of contaminated soils it is therefore necessary to enhance the availability of the radionuclides in the soil. In this sense, soil pH is a major factor influencing the availability of these elements in the soil for plant uptake through their speciation. In this work, the effect of pH on the TF of 238U and 226Ra was studied. Also, citrate was used to enhance the bioavailability of the two radionuclides in the soils, and therefore their uptake by Brassica juncea and translocation to the shoots. The effect of pH on the action of citrate was also studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experimental design Soil and plant samples Soil samples were collected from a rehabilitated uranium mine in the Extremadura region (south-west Spain). The soils were collected from the upper 10 cm after having removed the root mat. Due to the soils having a natural uranium mineralization, the activity concentrations of 238U and 226Ra are sufficiently high for this type of study to be carried out. The speciation in these soils corresponds to their natural origin (with the highest percentage associated to more resistant phases). The soils are of granitic type with a slightly acid (pH ≈ 5), and granulometrically can be classified as loamy sands. Their water holding/field capacity is about16 %. After the sampling, soil samples were oven-dried at 80 ºC to constant weight, and sieved at a pore size of 2 mm. Physical (texture), chemical (major elements concentration), and radiological (238U and 226Ra activity concentrations) analyses were performed in order to characterize the soil. Seeds of Brassica juncea L. (Indian mustard) were obtained from the Regional Plant Introduction Station, Ames, Iowa. The seeds were pre-treated with an aqueous solution of CaCl2 (10 mM) in continuous agitation for two hours. Then they were transferred to a container with filter paper as substrate, watered with distilled water, and incubated for two days in a Selecta HotCold600 growth chamber till the roots presented a length of about 2

Enhancing the transfer of238U and226Ra from soils toBrassica juncea

Enhancing the transfer of²³⁸U and²²⁶Ra from soils toBrassica juncea