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The analysis of formation of radioactive contamination of rivers of Belarus, entering the Dnieper basin (Dnieper, Sozh, Iput, Besed Pripyat), after the accident at the ChNPP is given in the paper. The legitimacies and features of behaviour of Chernobyl radionuclides in surface waters are detected. The total runoff of 137 Cs by the main rivers Sozh (Gomel), Dnepr (Rechitsa), Pripyat (Mozyr), Iput (Dobrush), Besed (Svetilovitchi) for the period 1987-2000 is submitted The peculiarities of carrying out the monitoring at the experimental watershed of the Iput river (the Dnieper-Sozh basin), flowing through the Byelorussian-Bryansk «caesium» spot, are described The conceptual and mathematical models of radionuclide migration in the river network is suggested The calculations have been conducted and the analysis of the experimental and calculated data on transport of radioactive contamination have been carried out. The prognosises of distribution of radioactive contamination in the rivers of Belarus (for example the Iput river basin) are obtained The reliability of forecasting results of radionucUde behaviour in the rivers is confirmed by the data received on the network of radiation monitoring. The hydrosphere plays an important role in the transfer of radioactive contarriination from the places of ejection into the environment and further to a man. The river systems are the most moving parts of the hydrosphere. They favour more dynamic (after the atmospheric transfer) distribution of radioactive contamination during accidental ejection. As a result of the accident at the ChNPP a huge amount of radionuclides was ejected into the environment. Those ejections had wide regional character and spread in the whole Eastern and Western Europe. Besides, the greatest amount of radionuclides fell out on the territory of Belarus. In Belarus 23% of the territory was contaminated by 137 Cs with the levels from 37 kBq/m2 up to 1480 kBq/m and more, with the total area of 46.45 thousand km2 where more than 3600 settlements are located. The main part of radioactive fallouts was concentrated on the watershed territory of the rivers Dnieper, Pripyat and their tributaries. Just these very territories are and will remain for many years the potential landscape sources of formation of radioactive runoff into the Dnieper-Sozh system, and the surface water - the main transport system of the radionuclides. During the initial period after the accident at the ChNPP the level dynamics of radioactive contarnination was stipulated by radioactive fallouts on water objects, by physico- chemical properties of aerosols and by hydrology. From the end of May, 1986 the direct fallouts on water objects have stopped, and during the next years (for long-lived radionuclides) their concentration are determined mainly by secondary processes: washout from the contaminated watersheds, access with ground-water, wind carry from the contaminated dry land places on a water surface, interaction with bottom sediments. The processes of radioactive contamination runoff by rain water and melt-water into the river basins are considered to be the most dynamical, long-term and dangerous. The processes of radioactive contarnination transfer into the river systems are earned out in the dissolved form, on suspensions and transported by drifts, which contribution to the common runoff

Water migration of Chernobyl radionuclides in rivers of Belarus