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We recognize four species in the  Neoechinorhynchus agilis  complex. We studied specimens of  Neoechinorhynchus  ( Hebesoma )  personatus  Tkach, Sarabeev & Shvetsova, 2014 from  Mugil cephalus  in the Mediterranean Sea off Tunisia and in the Black Sea, and also specimens of  Neoechinorhynchus ponticus  n. sp. from  Chelon auratus  Risso in the Black Sea. Specimens from  M. cephalus  at both locations were similar. All structures of  N. ponticus  n. sp. were considerably smaller than those of  N. personatus . Two other species of the  N. agilis  complex are recognized:  Neoechinorhynchus agilis  (Rudolphi, 1819)  sensu stricto  from various hosts in the Atlantic and the Mediterranean, and  Neoechinorhynchus yamagutii  Tkach, Sarabeev & Shvetsova, 2014 from  M. cephalus  and  Planiliza haematocheila  in the Pacific, especially the Sea of Japan.  Neoechinorhynchus dimorphospinus  Amin & Sey, 1996 from marine fish in the Persian Gulf and the Pacific Ocean off Vietnam may be a candidate for membership in the  N. agilis  complex. X-ray scans of gallium cut and intact hooks of  N. personatus  and  N. ponticus  showed differences in the mineral content of hooks with higher sulfur levels in smaller hooks and in hooks from specimens in the Black Sea compared to specimens from the Mediterranean. The relatively high genetic differences between  N. ponticus  n. sp. and other species of  Neoechinorhynchus  using a partial 18S rDNA dataset support its independent status.  Neoechinorhynchus ponticus  n. sp. and  N. personatus  have a common ancestor with species of  Neoechinorhynchus  collected from saltwater fish.

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On theNeoechinorhynchus agilis(Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) complex, with a description ofNeoechinorhynchus ponticusn. sp. fromChelon auratusin the Black Sea