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The contribution of  Anopheles funestus  to malaria transmission in the urban environment is still not well documented. The present study assesses the implication of  An. funestus  in malaria transmission in two districts, Nsam and Mendong, in the city of Yaoundé. Adult mosquitoes were collected using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention miniature light traps (CDC-LT) and human landing catches from April 2017 to March 2018 and were identified morphologically to the species level. Those belonging to the  Anopheles gambiae  complex and to the  Anopheles funestus  group were further processed by PCR to identify members of each complex/group. Anopheline mosquitoes were analysed to determine their infection status using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Bioassays were conducted with 2–5-day-old female  Anopheles funestus  and  An. gambiae  s.l. to determine their susceptibility to permethrin, deltamethrin and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). Six anopheline species were collected in the peri-urban district of Mendong:  Anopheles gambiae ,  An. coluzzii ,  An. funestus ,  An. leesoni ,  An. ziemanni  and  An. marshallii ; only four out of the six were recorded in Nsam. Of the two members of the  Anopheles gambiae  complex collected,  An. coluzzii  was the most prevalent.  Anopheles coluzzii  was the most abundant species in Nsam, while  An. funestus  was the most abundant in Mendong. Both  Anopheles funestus  and  An. gambiae  s.l. were found to be infected with human  Plasmodium  at both sites, and both were found to be resistant to DDT, permethrin, and deltamethrin. This study confirms the participation of  An. funestus  in malaria transmission in Yaoundé and highlights the need to also target this species for sustainable control of malaria transmission.

Implication of Anopheles funestus in malaria transmission in the city of Yaoundé, Cameroon