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A new species of  Gyrodactylus  von Nordmann, 1832 is described from the gills of  Alcolapia grahami , a tilapian fish endemic to Lake Magadi. This alkaline soda lake in the Rift Valley in Kenya is an extreme environment with pH as high as 11, temperatures up to 42 °C, and diurnal fluctuation between hyperoxia and virtual anoxia. Nevertheless, gyrodactylid monogeneans able to survive these hostile conditions were detected from the gills the Magadi tilapia. The worms were studied using light microscopy, isolated sclerites observed using scanning electron microscopy, and molecular techniques used to genetically characterize the specimens. The gyrodactylid was described as  Gyrodactylus magadiensis  n. sp. and could be distinguished from other  Gyrodactylus  species infecting African cichlid fish based on the comparatively long and narrow hamuli, a ventral bar with small rounded anterolateral processes and a tongue-shaped posterior membrane, and marginal hooks with slender sickles which are angled forward, a trapezoid to square toe, rounded heel, a long bridge prior to reaching marginal sickle shaft, and a long lateral edge of the toe. The species is also distinct from all other  Gyrodactylus  taxa based on the ITS region of rDNA (ITS1–5.8s–ITS2), strongly supporting the designation of a new species. These findings represent the second record of  Gyrodactylus  from Kenya, with the description of  G. magadiensis  bringing the total number of  Gyrodactylus  species described from African cichlids to 18.

parasite

<i>Gyrodactylus magadiensis</i>n. sp. (Monogenea, Gyrodactylidae) parasitising the gills of<i>Alcolapia grahami</i>(Perciformes, Cichlidae), a fish inhabiting the extreme environment of Lake Magadi, Kenya

Gyrodactylus magadiensisn. sp. (Monogenea, Gyrodactylidae) parasitising the gills ofAlcolapia grahami(Perciformes, Cichlidae), a fish inhabiting the extreme environment of Lake Magadi, Kenya