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This study assessed the ultrastructural changes caused in adult  Haemonchus contortus  obtained from goats fed fodder based on polyphenol-rich plants  Lysiloma latisiliquum  or  Onobrychis viciifolia  or from goats drenched with quebracho extract,  Schinopsis  spp. The  H. contortus  were obtained from artificially infected goats used as models to investigate the anthelmintic effect of feeding or drenching with the polyphenol-rich materials. Nematode populations were exposed to polyphenol-rich plant materials by feeding host goats for 8 consecutive days (D28 to D35 post - infection) with (a)  L. latisiliquum  fodder at 800 g fresh basis/day, (b)  O. viciifolia  fodder offered  ad libitum , and (c) drenched with a solution containing quebracho extract (90 g/day). Meanwhile, control  H. contortus  were obtained from goats fed polyphenol-free diets. The  H. contortus  specimens were recovered from the goats on D36 post-infection, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to identify ultrastructural changes.  In vivo  exposure to different polyphenol-rich plant materials caused vacuolization of the nematodes’ intestinal, muscular and hypodermal cells. These alterations represent the first evidence of cell damage caused in  H. contortus  when hosts were fed or drenched with polyphenol-rich materials. Ultrastructural changes affecting several types of cells could explain modifications in worm motility and nutrition, eventually affecting  H. contortus  reproductive success. This study contributes to our understanding of the mechanisms of action of polyphenol-rich plants against  H. contortus  when given as nutraceuticals to goats.

Ultrastructural study of adult Haemonchus contortus exposed to polyphenol-rich materials under in vivo conditions in goats