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Rabbits ( Oryctolagus cuniculus ) are frequently reared for meat production in China. The aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of  Toxoplasma gondii  and  Encephalitozoon cuniculi , and risk factors of infection in domestic rabbits raised in Henan province, central China. 1,213 serum samples of domestic rabbits were collected and tested for anti- T. gondii  and anti- E. cuniculi  antibodies using a modified agglutination test (MAT) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. The serum positive rates of  T. gondii  and  E. cuniculi  were 128/1,213 (10.55%) and 235/1,213 (19.37%), respectively. Co-infection of  T. gondii  and  E. cuniculi  was demonstrated in 84 specimens; 44 rabbits were seropositive for  T. gondii  alone, while 151 rabbits were seropositive for  E. cuniculi  alone. The main risk factors simultaneously associated with  T. gondii  and  E. cuniculi  infection were the age of the rabbit, the type of food, and the rabbit rearing system. Serum positive rates of  T. gondii  and  E. cuniculi  among domestic rabbits were high, indicating the possibility of public health issues.

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Encephalitozoon cuniculi among domestic rabbits in central China