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Gastrointestinal nematodes are a major threat to small ruminant rearing in the Sahel area, where farmers traditionally use bioactive plants to control these worms, including  Acacia nilotica  and  Acacia raddiana . The main aim of this study was to screen the potential anthelmintic properties of aqueous and acetone extracts of leaves of these two plants based on three  in vitro  assays: (1) the egg hatch inhibition assay (EHA); (2) the larvae exsheathment inhibition assay (LEIA) using  Haemonchus contortus  as a model; and (3) an adult mortality test (AMT) applied on  Caenorhabditis elegans . For the EHA, only  A. raddiana  was effective with IC 50  = 1.58 mg/mL for aqueous extract, and IC 50  = 0.58 mg/mL for acetonic extract. For the LEIA, all extracts inhibited the exsheathment of larvae compared to the controls, and the aqueous extract of  A. nilotica  was more larvicidal with IC 50  = 0.195 mg/mL. In general, all responses to the substances were dose-dependent and were significantly different from the control group ( p  < 0.05). For the AMT, the extracts of the two  Acacia  species were effective but  A. raddiana  showed greater efficacy with 100% mortality at 2.5 mg/mL and LC 50  = 0.84 mg/mL (acetonic extract). The addition of polyvinyl polypyrrolidone (PVPP) to the extracts suggested that tannins were responsible for blocking egg eclosion and inducing adult mortality but were not responsible for exsheathment inhibition. These results suggest that the leaves of these  Acacia  species possess ovicidal and larvicidal activities  in vitro  against  H. contortus , and adulticidal effects against  C. elegans .

Comparison of thein vitroanthelmintic effects ofAcacia niloticaandAcacia raddiana