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Leishmaniases are a group of important diseases transmitted to humans through the bite of sandfly vectors. Several forms of leishmaniases are endemic in Mexico and especially in the Southeast region. In the Northeastern region, however, there have only been isolated reports of cases and scanty records of sandfly vectors. The main objective of this study was to analyze the diversity of sandflies and potential reservoir hosts of  Leishmania  spp. in the states of Nuevo León and Tamaulipas. Species richness and abundances of sandflies and rodents were recorded. A fraction of the caught sandflies was analyzed by PCR to detect  Leishmania  spp. Tissues from captured rodents were also screened for infection. Ecological Niche Models (ENMs) were computed for species of rodent and their association with crop-growing areas. We found 13 species of sandflies, several of which are first records for this region. Medically important species such as  Lutzomyia anthophora ,  Lutzomyia diabolica ,  Lutzomyia cruciata , and  Lutzomyia shannoni  were documented.  Leishmania  spp. infection was not detected in sandflies. Nine species of rodents were recorded, and  Leishmania  ( Leishmania )  mexicana  infection was found in four species of  Peromyscus  and  Sigmodon . ENMs showed that potential distribution of rodent pest species overlaps with allocated crop areas. This shows that  Leishmania  ( L .)  mexicana  infection is present in the Northeastern region of Mexico, and that previously unrecorded sandfly species occur in the same areas. These findings suggest a potential risk of transmission of  Leishmania  ( L. )  mexicana .

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Ecology of phlebotomine sandflies and putative reservoir hosts of leishmaniasis in a border area in Northeastern Mexico: implications for the risk of transmission of<i>Leishmania mexicana</i>in Mexico and the USA

Ecology of phlebotomine sandflies and putative reservoir hosts of leishmaniasis in a border area in Northeastern Mexico: implications for the risk of transmission ofLeishmania mexicanain Mexico and the USA