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Soil can be a source of human infection by many zoonotic helminth species including  Echinococcus multilocularis  and  Toxocara  spp. The prevention of alveolar echinococcosis could be greatly improved through the identification of at-risk areas. Yet very few data are available about the detection of  E. multilocularis  in soil, while more studies have been reported for  Toxocara  spp. Identification of soil contamination by  E. multilocularis  eggs requires the use of specific methods. This study describes the development of a method for the detection of  E. multilocularis  in soil samples with the concentration of eggs using a flotation/sieving method and detection by duplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).  Toxocara  spp. egg detection was also undertaken due to the widespread presence of this parasite in soil, despite it being considered less pathogenic. Method sensitivity of 100% was reached for the detection of 10  E. multilocularis  eggs spiked in 10 g of soil. Concerning  Toxocara  spp., method sensitivity was lower but assumed to be due to the reduced effectiveness of the DNA extraction protocol. The parasitological status for  E. multilocularis  and  Toxocara  spp. of 63 carnivore fecal samples collected in highly endemic rural areas of France and of soil samples collected under and near these fecal samples was compared. The contamination of soil samples collected under positive fecal samples for  E. multilocularis  ( n  = 3) or  Toxocara  spp. ( n  = 19) confirmed the transfer of eggs from the definitive host to the environment.

A flotation/sieving method to detectEchinococcus multilocularisandToxocaraspp. eggs in soil by real-time PCR