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Kudoa septempunctata  (Myxozoa: Multivalvulida) myxospores infect the trunk muscles of olive flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus ). In this study, two popular commercially formulated anti-coccidial drugs (amprolium hydrochloride and toltrazuril) were serially diluted and incubated with purified mature  Kudoa septempunctata  myxospores. The viability of  K. septempunctata  spores was determined after a 2-day incubation followed by Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide staining, and scanning electron microscopy. Amprolium hydrochloride significantly decreased spore viability (18% of control) at a concentration of 920 μg/mL, whereas toltrazuril showed almost no effect (83% of control). Viability of the control (untreated spores) was 90%.  In vivo  studies are required to confirm the efficacy of amprolium hydrochloride in fish infected with  K. septempunctata  myxospores on their growth and immune system performance.

In vitroeffect of two commercial anti-coccidial drugs against myxospores ofKudoa septempunctatagenotype ST3 (Myxozoa, Multivalvulida)