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Triphasic sustained release of tachyzoite chimeric protein, rSAG1/2, from poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG)-encapsulated rSAG1/2 (PLG-rSAG1/2) microparticles (MPs) is a promising characteristic for developing a single-dose vaccine against  Toxoplasma gondii  in domestic animals. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate whether single immunization with PLG-rSAG1/2 MPs in BALB/c mice would achieve effective immunity and protection against  T. gondii . Peritoneal immunization of mice with a single dose of PLG-rSAG1/2 MPs enhanced serum IgG titers and lymphocyte proliferation in a triphasic model over a long 12-week period. In addition, 12 weeks after immunization, significant production of IFN-γ was also monitored in mice vaccinated with one dose of PLG-rSAG1/2 MPs. More importantly, the immunity induced by one dose of PLG-rSAG1/2 MPs protected 70% of mice (14/20) against a lethal subcutaneous challenge of 1 × 10 4  live tachyzoites of  T. gondii  (RH strain). In conclusion, a single dose of PLG-rSAG1/2 MPs capable of sustaining triphasic release of rSAG1/2 protein induces long-lasting triphasic immunity against  T. gondii  in mice. Our data indicate the feasibility of PLG-rSAG1/2 MPs to be developed as a single-dose vaccine against  T. gondii  for potential use in domestic animals.

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Protective immunity against toxoplasmosis in mice induced by single-dose immunization with rSAG1/2 protein released from poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microparticles