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The phlebotomine fauna of Campo Grande city, capital of Mato Grosso do Sul state in Brazil, an endemic area for visceral leishmaniasis, has been thoroughly investigated, but all the insect collections were undertaken with automatic light traps. The present study sought to investigate the fauna in this city using Shannon and Disney traps, having human beings and hamsters, respectively, as bait. Both types of traps were installed in forest fragment and peridomiciliary areas in the period from 2007 to 2009. The phlebotomine females were analyzed by PCR for  Leishmania  identification.  Lutzomyia longipalpis  was the only species collected in the peridomiciles and rendered a total of 574 specimens with a 5.2:1 male:female ratio. A total of eight species were attracted to the two traps (one of each type) installed in the forest fragment, including:  Bichromomyia flaviscutellata ,  Evandromyia bourrouli ,  Evandromyia lenti ,  Lutzomyia longipalpis ,  Nyssomyia whitmani ,  Pintomyia christenseni ,  Psathyromyia bigeniculata , and  Sciopemyia sordellii.  A total of 143 specimens were collected,  Bi. flaviscutellata  accounting for 81% and  Lu. longipalpis  for 1.4% of them. In one female of  Lu. longipalpis  collected in a Disney trap installed in a peridomicile,  Leishmania  ( Leishmania )  infantum  DNA was found, thus strengthening the hypothesis that the transmission of leishmaniasis is in fact occurring in the anthropic environment.

Sandflies in an urban area of transmission of visceral leishmaniasis in midwest Brazil